Cerebral Palsy Impairments, Assessments, and Interventions for Physical Therapy Practice Exam

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• Damage to which brain region can lead to motor control issues and fractionated movement difficulties?
• Which Edinburg gait use is most appropriate for the Edinburg Gait Score?
• What are the primary therapeutic goals when managing spasticity in cerebral palsy?
• What are some methods to assess mobility in children with Cerebral Palsy?
• In a home program for improving motor performance, which step involves measuring progress over time?
• How can dystonia be distinguished from spasticity in CP?
• What is a typical component of a multimodal management plan for spasticity in cerebral palsy?
• Damage to the motor cortex in CP primarily results in what type of movement issues?
• Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is primarily used to improve function in which limb in hemiplegic CP?
• Provide a concise summary of CIMT in pediatric CP, including typical age range and expected outcomes.
• Which of the following are surgical management options for cerebral palsy?
• Which of the following is an acetabular or femoral osteotomy used in CP?
• Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB) is designed to assess all postural control components except which?
• Ambulation in CP is viewed as crucial for which aspects?
• Which of the following is a soft tissue procedure used in CP management?
• GMFCS is used to classify gross motor function in which population?
• Which intervention is designed to reduce spasticity by surgically targeting nerve roots?
• Kids-BESTest is designed to assess postural control in children by examining six domains. Which of the following is NOT one of those domains?
• What is the primary purpose of CAPE and PAC?
• Which measure evaluates activity and participation outcomes in cerebral palsy?
• What is the primary goal of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR)?
• Which therapy has strong evidence for improving upper extremity function in hemiplegic CP?
• In CP evaluation, selective motor control assessment helps determine what?
• What are common sensory impairments observed in cerebral palsy?
• What is the effect of strength training on hip abductors and knee flexors?
• How do physical therapists address respiratory function in cerebral palsy?
• What is the primary purpose of the Verschuren 3 Functional Strength Tests?
• Spinal Alignment Range of Motion Measure primarily evaluates:
• Which factors increase the risk of hip displacement in CP?
• What should be considered when selecting equipment for children with CP?
• How should feeding and swallowing difficulties be addressed in CP PT?
• What is the suggested frequency for hydrotherapy in CP management?
• Which statement about muscle co-activation in gait for children with cerebral palsy is correct?
• Which statement about ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) in CP is true?
• How can mobility limitations impact social life in CP?
• Which statement is true about Verschuren 3 Functional Strength Tests?
• Which of the following is a neurosurgical intervention used in CP?
• Therasuits in CP therapy rely on what mechanism to provide benefits?
• Which tests are included in the Verschuren 3 Functional Strength Tests?
• What is the primary purpose of GMFM-66 or GMFM-88?
• What measurement on hip radiographs quantifies hip coverage and risk of dislocation in cerebral palsy?
• What is the relationship between GMFCS level and energy expenditure during walking?
• What is the goal of task-oriented interventions in physical therapy for CP?
• Which measure evaluates change in gross motor function across all GMFCS levels?
• What is the purpose of ongoing hip surveillance in CP?
• Which statement best describes the cognitive profile of many individuals with cerebral palsy?
• Which muscle groups are commonly targeted with botulinum toxin injections to improve gait in spastic CP?
• The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) is appropriate for which population?
• Why is mobility crucial for young children with disabilities?
• Which of the following best describes the GMFCS?
• Which assessments are commonly used for strength and motor control in cerebral palsy?
• Why are patient and family goals considered when determining candidacy for orthopedic surgery in CP?
• Which statement best describes equipment consideration in a comprehensive CP PT evaluation?
• What does VDRO stand for in CP orthopedic procedures?
• In the Modified Tardieu Scale, which statement correctly describes the relationship of R1 and R2?
• Which statement accurately describes the PBS?
• Which assessment is used to evaluate coordination in patients with Cerebral Palsy?
• What can be a consequence of overprotective family attitudes?
• Which of the following is a bone procedure used in CP?
• What considerations are important for adolescents with CP transitioning to adult care?
• How can sensory processing differences affect CP rehabilitation outcomes?
• Which factors can limit range of motion in individuals with cerebral palsy?
• Which imaging modality is not commonly used in cerebral palsy evaluation?
• Hydrotherapy in CP care is typically recommended as which of the following?
• What is the purpose of the Gross Motor Function Classification System in CP?
• Which imaging techniques are commonly used to diagnose cerebral palsy?
• How is gait analysis used to guide interventions in CP?
• Which GMFM version is validated for CP and Down syndrome?
• Which set best represents essential components of a comprehensive cerebral palsy physical therapy evaluation?
• What is the primary focus of PAC (Preferences for Activities of Children)?
• Which outcome is commonly targeted by resistance training in CP?
• What is the prognosis for individuals with cerebral palsy?
• What is the role of physical therapy in managing Cerebral Palsy?
• What is GMFM-66 and what does it measure?
• How can PT address cognitive and communication impairments in CP during therapy sessions?
• What is the evidence-based approach to improving upper-extremity function in unilateral CP?
• Which of the following is an outcome measure used to assess children with CP?
• Which assessments are commonly used to evaluate hand function in unilateral CP?
• Which seating and positioning strategies support trunk control in CP?
• Which of the following sets includes reflexes that are among the primitive reflexes most predictive of neurological dysfunction?
• Which muscle groups are commonly weakened in children with cerebral palsy?
• What is the role of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) in CP?
• What is the primary role of hip adductor release or lengthening surgery in CP?
• What is the primary purpose of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI)?
• Which CP-specific outcome measure focuses on quality of life?
• How are patient and family goals integrated into a CP PT plan?
• How is candidacy for orthopedic surgery determined in cerebral palsy?
• When planning interventions for children with CP, what should be considered in addition to ambulation?
• Which procedure is a selective neurosurgical intervention to reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy?
• Name one maternal condition that can affect prenatal development.
• Which of the following is a non-surgical management option for CP?
• What safety considerations apply to high-load or plyometric activities with CP children?
• Which of the following is NOT a common mobility equipment used for children with CP?
• Which of the following is a red flag warranting medical referral during CP physical therapy?
• Which are the primary CP classifications by muscle tone?
• Which of the following strategies can improve trunk control and postural stability in CP?
• What is a key difference between GMFM-88 and GMFM-66?
• The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) evaluates trunk control across how many segmental areas?
• Which statement best describes the role of home programs in improving motor performance?
• GMFM stands for Gross Motor Function Measure and is used to assess which aspect in CP?
• In seating systems for CP, which aspect primarily contributes to trunk control?
• Which statement best explains why involving families early in CP intervention is important?
• What is the most predictive factor for independent walking in children with cerebral palsy?
• How do clinicians monitor progress in CP PT?
• Describe a typical gait pattern associated with spastic diplegia.
• How can family attitudes affect a child's independence in ADLs?
• What infections are included in the TORCH acronym?
• What challenge arises when measuring CP outcomes due to heterogeneity?
• What is the role of orthotics in gait for CP?
• What is a consequence of communication difficulties in children with cerebral palsy?
• What is the typical sequence of interventions to improve gait in CP after nonoperative measures?
• Why should cognitive development accompany mobility in CP?
• If the difference between R1 and R2 is small, what does this indicate?
• Which health disparities can affect the prognosis of cerebral palsy?
• Why is proprioception important to assess in patients with cerebral palsy?
• Which statement about SCALE is true?
• Name two scales used to assess selective motor control in cerebral palsy and indicate their primary purpose.
• What is the recommended frequency for intensive physical therapy sessions?
• What is the role of virtual reality in therapy for CP?
• How can intervention be tailored to improve energy efficiency of gait in CP?
• Which of the following is a component of a home program for improving motor performance?
• Which type of assistive technology can positively impact bone mineral density?
• What is the focus of physical therapy interventions for children with cerebral palsy?
• What is the typical serial casting protocol?
• Among assessments of hand function, which test is commonly used in unilateral CP in addition to AHA?
• Which statement best describes how PEDI is used in clinical practice?
• Which statement best describes the role of aerobic exercise and strength training in cerebral palsy management?
• What factors influence a child's ability to walk?
• Which of the following is a bone procedure used in CP management?
• Therasuits are used in CP therapy for what primary purpose?
• What genetic factors can impact the incidence of cerebral palsy?
• GMFCS is primarily used to categorize the level of what?
• Which of the following statements best describes participation-level goals in CP therapy?
• What is the primary purpose of the Revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (R-FLACC) assessment?
• Name a common set of secondary musculoskeletal impairments seen in CP.
• Which of the following is NOT a common type of orthotic used for children with CP?
• Botulinum toxin injections in CP are typically used for which type of spasticity?
• Why is early intervention important in CP?
• By what age do most individuals with cerebral palsy reach maximal function?
• What is the core principle of CIMT in pediatric CP?
• What should be considered before initiating high-load activities in CP?
• What is the purpose of gait assessment in CP physical therapy evaluation?
• What is the impact of manual stretching on range of motion in CP?
• Which assessment uses the Tardieu angle to distinguish neural from mechanical contributions to resistance during a passive stretch?
• Which brain structure impairment is most associated with coordination deficits and fine motor control difficulties in CP?
• In which CP population is Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) typically considered?
• Which statement describes the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS)?
• Which medications are commonly used to manage symptoms of cerebral palsy?
• What challenges may children with cerebral palsy face in sports and recreational activities?
• Which statement best describes the cognitive deficits commonly seen in cerebral palsy?
• Coordination deficits in CP are commonly due to damage to which structure?
• Which mobility device is used to enable upright standing and weight-bearing for a child with CP?
• Postural deficits in CP can contribute to which ROM limitation mechanism?
• How does GMFCS level influence prognosis and rehabilitation planning?
• What are activities of daily living (ADLs) for children?
• What benefits does treadmill-based gait training provide for children with CP?
• What is serial casting and what is its purpose in CP treatment?
• Which of the following are topographic classifications of cerebral palsy?
• Why is testing functional tasks important in children with cerebral palsy?
• Which statement about CP types classified by muscle tone is accurate?
• Which movement pattern best differentiates spastic CP from dyskinetic CP?
• What is the role of assistive devices in CP mobility?
• Physical therapy in cerebral palsy aims to improve which of the following domains?
• What is the primary purpose of the Patient Specific Functional Scale and Goal Attainment Scale?
• In the Tardieu spasticity assessment, what does a discrepancy between R1 and R2 suggest?
• Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE) measures:
• Which statement about the Verschuren 3 Functional Strength Tests is NOT true?
• What does the 6-Minute Walk Test primarily assess in individuals with cerebral palsy?
• How do impairment-level goals differ from participation-level goals in CP therapy?
• Which option describes a long-term baclofen delivery method used in cerebral palsy management?
• What approach supports alignment with family priorities in CP PT planning?
• Which topographic classification denotes involvement primarily on one side of the body?
• What evidence supports aquatic therapy and resistance training for CP?
• What does GMFCS stand for?
• Which of the following is a botulinum toxin intervention used in CP?
• What periods during which brain damage can lead to a diagnosis of cerebral palsy?
• Hippotherapy is described as primarily improving which domain in CP management?
• What is the suggested duration for power training?
• How does the Tardieu spasticity assessment differ from the Modified Ashworth Scale?
• Which condition is a common postnatal central nervous system infection affecting infants?
• Low birth weight is defined as birth weight below how many grams?
• Which test is used to assess endurance in cerebral palsy?
• Hippotherapy is used primarily for which benefit in children with CP?
• Which statement best describes the role of electrical stimulation in therapy for CP?
• What alternative communication methods can assist children with severe speech difficulties?
• How can endurance and fatigue be assessed in individuals with cerebral palsy?
• Which statement best describes the impact of spasticity on cerebral palsy?
• Which functional mobility task is used in CP assessments?
• What are some tests to evaluate activity limitations in children with CP?
• Dyskinetic and total body involvement in CP typically leads to challenges in which area?
• Modified Tardieu is primarily used to assess:
• What is the role of aquatic therapy for cerebral palsy?
• Which impairment is considered a primary body structure and function impairment in cerebral palsy?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between cognitive deficits and communication issues in cerebral palsy?
• If the difference between R1 and R2 is large, what does this indicate?
• Which scenario best describes the indication for intrathecal baclofen (ITB) in cerebral palsy?
• On the Modified Tardieu Scale, what do R1 and R2 indicate?
• Which statement best describes the use of Therasuits in CP intervention?
• Which of the following measures evaluates participation and activity domains for children with CP?
• How does the GMFCS level influence participation for children with cerebral palsy?
• Which areas may be restricted for participation in patients with cerebral palsy?
• Which statement best describes independence in adults with CP?
• How is scoliosis monitored and managed in CP?
• How does effective communication affect interactions with therapists for children with cerebral palsy?
• Prematurity in gestational age is defined as less than how many weeks?
• What is the effect of increased co-activation on gait in cerebral palsy?
• What are typical therapy goals for a school-age child with CP at GMFCS II?
• Which assessment measures muscle strength in children with CP?
• Why is hip surveillance important in CP, and what does it typically involve?
• Which practice is emphasized when setting goals for a home program?
• What are common limitations in CP outcome measurement?
• In CP treatment planning, family involvement primarily helps to?
• Which statement best describes the primary purpose of the SCALE and SCUES scales?
• Which statement accurately describes mobility assessment components?
• Which statement best describes the Edinburg Gait Score?
• In adulthood, independent mobility is essential for what?
• What is the role of physical therapy in improving independence for children with cerebral palsy?
• Which perinatal condition is listed as a potential complication in the perinatal period?
• Which assessment tool is commonly used to measure motor function in children with CP?
• What are common activity limitations for children with Cerebral Palsy?
• What is the primary purpose of the 2 Minute Walk Test (2MWT)?
• Which test is used to assess fine motor coordination or manual dexterity in cerebral palsy?
• Which two outcome measures are most appropriate for evaluating function in children with cerebral palsy?
• What does the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) classify and how is it used in cerebral palsy management?
• Which activity is an ADL for children?